An attacker could send comment reply requests that trigger a denial of service (DoS), where the site stops answering normal visitors. Drupal's risk rating says the attacker doesn't need to log in.
Who is affected
Drupal sites that use the core Comment module and haven't updated to 10.1.8 or 10.2.2. Drupal says this happens only in certain cases, without listing them. Sites that don't use the Comment module are not affected, and neither is Drupal 7.
What to do
Update to 10.2.2 if you're on Drupal 10.2, or 10.1.8 if you're on Drupal 10.1. Drupal 8, Drupal 9 and Drupal 10 before 10.1 no longer get security fixes. See SA-CORE-2024-001.
Reported by Alexander Antonenko and Doug Green.